The Wembley National Stadium Construction Essay Example For Students

The Wembley National Stadium Construction Essay It was worked to be the new home of football ; to be one of the biggest and radiant dishes known to man and intended to be cutting edge with a siting limit of 90,000. Structured by the World Stadium Team drove by Mott MacDonald, the Wembley Stadium currently remains as the most costly bowl ever assembled, the longest single-length rooftop development known to mankind ( 315m ) , second biggest bowl in Europe and the tallest known to man ( 133m ) with each spot under rooftop screen. We will compose a custom article on The Wembley National Stadium Construction explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The develop was to build a cutting edge bowl, with none that can analyze wherever else known to mankind. The new bowl has a halfway retractable rooftop which can be acclimated to let daylight to make all pieces of the pitch. During awful conditions, the rooftop can be withdrawn in roughly 15 proceedingss to cover each place ( http:/www.designbuild-network.com/ventures/wembley/) . ?120 million from the Lottery Fund was put into the bowl with an additional credit of ?426 million through West Deutsche Landesbank. A fixed money related worth agreement was reached between the customer and contractual workers. This made stipulation for a structure cost of ?352 million and whole endeavor expenses of ?757 million ( Public Accounts Committee, 2004 ) . Be that as it may, as most notorious structure endeavors of national contribution, the Wembley undertaking was non saved its ain segment of conflicts, accusals, bits of gossip, anxiousnesss and captivation. The Football Association ( FA ) must hold envisioned an emotional 2006 FA Cup extensive coda, the greatest UK affiliation football title at Wembley National Stadium. Shockingly, this of import occasion must be moved all the way to Wales! What was off base? Wembley Stadium s extremely goal-oriented re-improvement was totally behind schedule.A The endeavor thusly opened in March 2007, about a twelvemonth behind plan and ?70million over financial plan and has since so kept probably the best structure attorneies in unchanging business. The Wembley Stadium build was unequivocally aggressive and the product stands now imposingly. Considerably more inhale pickings is the 133m curve which when lit up at dim climbing sublimely, and can even be seen across London. Wembley has so become England s new symbol of football. The customer for the endeavor was the Football Association ( FA ) working through its subordinate the Wembley National Stadium Ltd ( WNSL ) . The main temporary worker was Multiplex Constructions with Mott MacDonald being the Lead Designers. The endeavor utilized two venture consultants ; Tropus at the underlying stages ( 1997-2001 ) and Capita Symonds ( 2001-2006 ) . The underlying steel temporary worker was Cleveland Bridge Outline1 2.0 Problems during the undertaking2 3.0 The Problems Encountered: The Role of Project Management3 4.0 The Actions and MeasureS that should hold been taken4 5.0 Decision 2.0 Problems during the endeavor A reiteration of employments can be distinguished that perplexed the structure of the Wembley Stadium predominantly antagonistic agreements, absurd risk assignment, income occupations, plan modifications, hapless open introduction, hapless site heading and legal procedures. These are introduced in inside informations beneath: Delaies and uncertainty even before the endeavor started: Plans for another bowl were assailed with holds, bearing employments and expanding costs since December 1996. The plans were uncovered in 1999 and the bowl should hold been finished in 2003 however the work itself began only in September 2002 because of numerous political and monetary employments. The endeavor was in the end rescheduled to complete in May 2006 ( hypertext move convention:/news.bbc.co.uk/1/howdy/uk_politics/2119413.stm ) . Plan Problems: Multiplex contended that Mott MacDonald's structure for the Wembley steel work was non fit for aim and that the underlying structures were non right, constructible, composed and reliable. It further expressed that Mott MacDonald s lacking plan, inability to caution or potentially make a move is appeared in a huge number of single Acts of the Apostless or skips ( Technology and Construction Court ( TCC ) , 2006 ) . Degree Creep: The underlying reach was to suit sports, rugger and football in a similar bowl. This ulterior turned out to be extremely questionable and brought about the remotion of sports from the procedure in 1999, in light of the capable and business difficulties of fitting the three athleticss inside a similar bowl. In December 2001, the range was additionally changed with the remotion of an inn from the endeavor, the extension of welcoming gathering suites and significant modifications toward the north side of the bowl. This took the Mott Consortium 7-8 months to upgrade. These changes expanded the expense of the endeavor especially in steel plants ( TCC, 2006 ) . Acquirement Issues: In the choices of Public Accounts Committee ( Eighth Report of Session 2003-04 ) , it expressed that Best procurance design has non been followed on what is a prominent endeavor Organizations liable for pull offing endeavors ought to be relied upon to put out a proper procurance strategy, which treats all bidders each piece to abstain from giving any one a potential bit of leeway over the others. It further condemned Wembley National Stadium Limited for fail to follow a detailed and open proper procurance methodology and holding duologue with Multiplex preceding get bringing down the procurance system. An examination by previous Wembley undertaking executive Tropus, said the task was made with undue speed. The James Report other than presumed that there had been not kidding deserts in the procurance strategies. ( James Report, 2002 ) Poor Communication: Apart from the significant changes in the scope of the plants, MultiplexA bemoaned non offered dish to basic structure data which made them undervalue the steelwork. Mott on the different manus thought Multiplex was perceptive of the territory of configuration, holding dealt with the structure system and holding been firmly associated with the plan work. ( Wembley Stadium into Injury Time, 2002 ) Lack of foresight and organization: A clump of conclusions appear to hold been made speedily. No big surprise a few changes must be made at ulterior stages. At the point when it turned into a head expect to finish the endeavor in cut for the FA Cup coda in May 2006, productivity and cost effectivity became auxiliary issues. In my estimation, a cluster of employments could hold been kept away from if Multiplex did non hold to hotfoot the occupation to run into ridiculous cutoff times. Multiplex cases that it has continued significant losingss as a result of a huge number of penetrates of agreement and additionally Acts of the Apostless of inconsiderateness by the counsel, which had broad impacts for Wembley ( TCC, 2006 ; Baloch, 2008 ) . Questions and discords: Cleveland Bridge ( CB ) , the steel temporary worker ended their agreement in 2004 in light of the fact that they did non accept they would be paid for stuffs and that there were clearly unsurmountable difficulties among them and Multiplex. A supported contribution from a steelwork subcontractor could hold significantly impacted the opportune fulfillment of the endeavor yet at last CB must be supplanted with all go toing employments of another endeavor crew part. Wellbeing and Safety occupations: In March 2006, an ephemeral rooftop bolster fell by over half following in the discharging of all structure laborers and hold of work. Another mishap happened January 2004 following in the expire of one structure specialist and the hurt of another when a stage fallen all of a sudden, pin bringing down the work powers underneath ( hypertext move convention:/www.designbuild-network.com/ventures/wembley/) Lackluster showing by Cleveland Bridge: Delaies were brought about by CB as non all the steel sent to China could be created in clasp to follow with the program. So the steel sent to China was every now and again delivered back to England with most non created. Moreover the steel sent to site was habitually losing significant pieces ( proposing it could non be raised ) or, more than likely was untagged with the impact that site staff could non place the applicable bits of steel ( TCC, 2006 ) . Poor Supervision by Sports England: The Government was not exactly content with the level of overseeing offered by Sport England. It expressed that Sport England s open introduction in regulating the progression of the endeavor has been need, messy and prostrate. This at last brought about flexibly crew losing the point of convergence of the endeavor directly from the earliest starting point and in a little while, a cluster was out of manus ( Wembley Stadium into Injury Time, 2002 ) . Poor Stakeholder bearing: In an announcement by The House of Commons Culture, Media and Sports Committee, it accused a portion of the occupations experienced for the endeavor on hapless partner course. It stated, the endeavor had been subverted by the major inability to remember all agents toward the start for be aftering the redesign ( www.publications.parliament.uk ) . The acquiescence of Ken Bates in 2001 as leader of WNSL gives a farther implication. He refered to a lack of help from the board and that he had been subverted by senior figures inside both the specialists and the FA. He curiously stated, Even Jesus Christ just had one Pontius Pilate I had an entire crew of them. ( www.forbes.com ) . .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0 , .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0 .postImageUrl , .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0 .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0 , .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0:hover , .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0:visited , .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0:active { border:0!important; } .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u440fa2132428b04499e251c52cb69ed0 { displa

Your Future in 180 Minutes Exam

Your Future in 180 Minutes Exam Everybody has the privilege to training and base on merit, advanced education ought to be made accessible to everyone. Truth be told, worldwide law perceived access to advanced education as the all inclusive human right however states over-accentuation on singular scholastic execution and bent test prevented numerous understudies from securing such right. YGS is Turkey’s 3 hours, 160 inquiries numerous decision Transition To Higher Education Examination. The score from this test figures out which course a secondary school graduate should take in school. Pundits of YGS contend that the 180 minutes test is unjustifiable. One explanation as indicated by TED or Turkish Education Association is that YGS is attempting to cover all the information understudies procured from their 12 years of instruction through 180 minutes different decision test. Another is the way that as opposed to expanding the limit of colleges, as far as possible individuals from getting an advanced degree. Normalizing Exclusion of Students from Higher Education There are around 2 million secondary school graduates took the YGS assessment this year and a considerable lot of these understudies have difficultiesâ solving math questions (perceive How to take care of Math issues), and very longâ reading cognizance questions. Secondary School graduates who will be sufficiently fortunate to pass YGS can continue to school while the heartbreaking ones can just apply for partner degree programs. Step by step instructions to GET GOOD GRADES Issues with the progress from auxiliary to advanced education are not one of a kind to Turkey. In Ireland for example, change tests prompted the advancement of instructing and learning focuses that many accepted limited understudies center around training towards test planning and test achievement as opposed to taking part in educating and the learning procedure. It advances the kind of information asked in the test. It ingrains negative qualities that getting an advanced degree is only a question of responding to the same number of inquiries as you can. All the more critically, such tests standardized the rejection of understudies from advanced education. Graduates Right to Benefit from Higher Education Alumni of auxiliary instruction ought to be permitted to seek after advanced education as indicated by their advantage and capacity. Verifiably, disparity in access to advanced education is political and instructive arrangement issue. As per OECD or the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Matriculation Examination framework, a yearly test regularly controlled by the Ministry or Department Education of part nations, is an obstruction to financial turn of events. The pass/bomb framework specifically altogether diminished the quantity of understudies who can head off to college and expanded the quantity of individuals without formal training. In Myanmar for instance, out the 469,000 secondary school graduates who took the Matriculation Exam, just 35% breezed through the test. By investigation, the test constrained around 300,000 young people to move away from the training framework and look for some kind of employment with auxiliary instruction declaration as most elevated capability. Advanced education gives off an impression of being a chance instead of rights as most of optional school graduates experienced issues in breezing through change tests. Essentially, advanced education is additionally not as per singular wishes or field of intrigue since test passers’ school courses are subject to their particular test scores. Also, as progress or registration test is the main course to advanced education, auxiliary school graduates are probably going to enter the casual area or work wrongfully as minors in formal endeavors. Understudies Everybody has the privilege to training and base on merit, advanced education ought to be made accessible to everyone. Indeed, global law perceived access to advanced education as the all inclusive human right however states over-accentuation on singular scholastic execution and bent test precluded numerous understudies from claiming such right.

Understanding Technology and Its Influence on Human Behavior

Understanding Technology and Its Influence on Human Behavior The proliferation of technology has made it an extremely influential part of human lives. Right from the time, we start our day all the way till we hit the sack. We utilize technology in every possible way to make our lives convenient.  With the digital social revolution that exploded in the early 2000s, technology has changed â€"the way we socialize the way we workthe way we communicatethe way we gather informationThis drastic change has brought us to an important question â€" Are we too reliant on technology to the point where technology has spoilt us, and are we able to exist without it? Read on for a full depth answer and decide for yourself.IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY ON THE HUMAN MINDOne of the biggest inventions of human history was understanding how electromagnetism works. Nikola Tesla, the famous Serbian inventor, was an avid technological genius that discovered a way to pass electricity without the use of wires in the year 1894. This technology was way ahead of its time and unfort unately, the secret to wireless energy died with the prominent inventor himself but that didn’t stop others from trying to recreate his work. Although there wasn’t any success in achieving wireless energy the way Tesla would have wanted to. Today, we have quite the technologies that have changed the way the world experiences life. Here are a few of them. Internet â€" Undoubtedly the biggest technology in this list. The internet has improved the way people receive information and the way we communicate. The internet is a daily part of our lives and it’s impossible to think that we existed without this incredible piece of technology in the past. Remote Controls â€" A device that you point to interact with other gadgets such as a television, a music player, an automobile, etc. The technology brought great convenience and allowed us to simply change a channel or lock/unlock our cars with a tap of a button. Digital Cameras â€" Digital cameras have played an important role in record ing personal memories and capturing profound moments in full HD color. With new age smartphones and tablets, sharing images through a digital camera in seconds is now a reality. GPS â€" Imagine trying to find a location while looking at a paper map only to find out that you’ve been reading the map wrong all this time. In comes the GPS technology, making it easier to find our favorite shopping destinations and multiplexes in less than a second and at a tap of a finger. The U.S military originally developed this technology to be used in warfare. Smartphones â€" Life would be incredibly boring if all our phones were only used for a single purpose â€" to receive and make calls. If it wasn’t obvious already, the “smart” phone allows us to access our work data, act as a digital GPS device to find locations, surf the web, watch movies, listen to music, and much more in a tiny device that we carry in our pockets. In fact, the world is so reliant on technology that people don’t jus t adopt technology into their business but shape their business around the current technology. Let’s take an example â€" Jake wants to open a physical store and set up several artworks that he has created over the years to sell for a profit. If Jake were to calculate his expenses in opening a physical store, it would go something like thisRent1,200  $Electricity200  $Wages for 2-3 Employees2,000  $Other Monthly Expenses (Food, Repair, etc.)1,000  $Total4,400  $Jake needs about $4400 dollars to run a physical store to sell his art. Now if Jake were to adopt the current technology and open a digitalized store while putting up his paintings online without having to open a physical store. Here’s how much it would cost Jake.Website Hosting Platform 1 year150  $Domain Name 1 year15  $Other Expenses (Food, Digital Advertising, Internet Plan)400  $Total565  $An obvious choice, Jake would obviously opt for the digital store over a physical one as far as expenses are concerned. It also al lows him to gain an advantage in selling his artwork to a global audience compared to restricting his customers to a small vicinity in an area. Jake would also get more views for his artwork in a digital store without worrying about a crowd taking over his shop. In this way, technology has recreated the way businesses and startups are launched. With every passing year, new technology forces businesses to either adopt it or miss out on valuable profits in the long run. The next section will center around the negative aspect of technology and how it has affected creativity. Is Technology Evil?While technology has undoubtedly changed our lives to that of a convenient one. There are things that we’ve lost along the way while we search for newer technologies. Some of the negative points of technology are as follows â€"Lack of Physical Human Bonding Before the turn of the digital social revolution, people would hang out in parks and gardens and socialize in the good old-fashioned way by approaching each other and building relationships along the way. Technology has forced us back into a digital cave and enables us to forge these friendships in a virtual environment where there are no actual emotions felt and no physical touch and the complete lack of a bonding process. Children who grow up in a technological world are also forced into a digital world at an early age. This restricts the cognitive abilities that a child develops and thus, as the child begins to grow into an adult, their emotions and feelings are purely synthetic as compared to a kid that was born before the 1990’s. A study done by The Guardian in 2013 demonstrates how kids are addicted to smartphone apps and the most downloaded app was “Angry Birds” by kids whose age group was between 6 and 15 years. In yet another research study conducted by the European Commission, kids were introduced to smart devices at an extremely young age where they couldn’t tell if it was harmful to them or not. Ins tances such as cyber-bullying, digital predators, and hijacking privacy were some of the worst affecting scenarios that the kids of the digital age face today. Without a doubt, technology has a critical role to play in the negative side of how kids are being raised in a digital environment and how making a friend or two in a virtual environment has no emotional bonding behind it.Plagiarism False NewsPrior to the digital age, copying another artist’s work was considered impossible or relatively hard to accomplish due to the strong private nature of a non-digitalized world. Today, if an article is on the web, it can easily be converted into 20-different pseudo-articles in less than a minute thanks to various nefarious software. Leaked movies are spread around the web before the actual premier that costs producers and directors millions of dollars due to piracy. Even music isn’t spared, it’s not uncommon to find a famous tune being turned into another song without the knowledge of the original artist, thanks to the digital age.While the internet is a breeding medium for all the latest news and updates around the globe, there’s another emerging trend that has created havoc and chaos on the world wide web â€" Fake News. If you’ve recently read of an untimely demise of a popular actor and later, found out that he is alive and kicking, you’ve been a victim of fake news. Fake news also spreads misinformation on various drugs helping with weight loss and cancer and causes people to blindly buy into these medications without verifying. This demonstrates how technology can be a wild card and how false news threatens the lives of people by misleading them. Internet Scams HackersWith the internet age, a new wave of imposters has been unleashed on the world. If you aren’t careful you lose your life savings to a scam artist located in a remote corner of the globe and all this with a simple click of a button.How do they do it?Surely, you visit your bank’s of ficial site to log in to your net banking section to access important financial information and updates. Imagine if a remarkably similar site such as your bank’s website existed, and you were sent an official email asking for verification of your account. You’ll end up providing sensitive information and private data to these imposters and in less than 10 seconds, your funds are transferred to the imposter’s account. These funds are untraceable.Websites that are fake but look like an original website are known as phishing sites. These types of sites exist to collect user information and then steal from them.While technology has brought you and your bank closer, it has also left you vulnerable to internet threats such as phishing sites and hacking. That’s why we’ve created a to-do list to ensure you don’t fall prey to the dark side of technology.Checklist to Secure Yourself on The InternetAlways ensure your firewall is activated. Reject any program’s permission that see ks to disable your firewall. This is your first line of defense. Verify email addresses before opening your email, if you don’t know the sender, chances are it’s a hacker trying to get to your information. Use the “Spam” option to block future emails from this sender. A prefix at the start of your URL should always have “HTTPS” and not “HTTP”. The S stands for secure and it’s usually lit in a bright green color to notify the page is safe. Always upgrade your anti-virus to ensure your system is updated with the latest security files. An anti-virus is like a bodyguard to your private data. When using a wireless network, always provide an administrative password to deny hackers and invasive neighbors from using your home network. Never provide sensitive details such as login information and bank details to anonymous phone calls or emails. No company worth its salt ever needs this information through compromised sources. Keep a strong password of at least 9-15 letters long. Ensure the password isn’t just made up of numbers and alphabets and includes special characters and other random sequences that aren’t easily guessed by password generators. Finally, always update yourself with the latest information regarding internet technologies. The internet is a great place to be when safe-browsing is practiced. It’s also a nightmare when you let yourself be ignorant.How Technology Governs Human BehaviorToday, a valid number of people would take out their smartphones to record a crime-in-progress rather than calling emergency services. Many of the actions we do are centered around technology. We take out our phones when delicious food shows up on our table, we are more interested in taking a video of our favorite band at a concert and finally, our creativity is judged based on the technology we have in our homes. There is a term for this type of dependence â€" it’s called Techno Addiction. There is a fine line where we use technology to supplement our lives and where we are glued to technology for an unhealthy 16 hours a day. In fact, every one of us is familiar or know someone that is a techno addict. That high school friend who’s always texting during lunchtime rather than spending time with you. Maybe it’s the neighbor across the street who you haven’t seen for over a month and almost tried calling the emergency services only to discover they’ve buried themselves in front of their gaming screens. So how do you truly find out if you’ve been a victim of technology? Let’s find out with an evaluation.Do you feel anxious when you leave home without your phone even when there are no important calls to be expected?Is it important for you to sleep with your phone beside you?Do you feel unhappy when a recently uploaded photo of yours on a social media site doesn’t get the intended likes and attention?Are you distracted from your work to constantly check your phones for notifications and other alerts?Do you prefer usi ng video conferencing to stay in touch with your family instead of visiting them for the holidays?Have your family and friends ever complained about how disconnected you are with them because you’ve been spending time with your electronic devices?Have you ever been sleep deprived waiting for a message from your friend or loved one while using instant messengers?During the weekend, do you spend most of the time glued to a digital device? â€" Video games, online surfing, mobile phones, etc.Do you spend more time recording at a live concert over enjoying the spectacle?Do you share your pain with an online community rather than real life family and friends?If you’ve answered Yes to â€" None of the questions. Fabulous! You are a role model to today’s generation and a real adventurous person who can make do without technology for as long as he wants.1-3 questions. You’ve got some level of addiction but with regular intervention, you should be able to beat it.4-6 questions. There†™s a serious addiction here.   You’ll need to immediately sort your life out by seeking help from family and friends. Spend time outdoors without any digital devices. Including your phone.6-10 questions. Extremely dangerous. The only way out of this type of addiction is if you seek professional help. No amount of motivation can get you to switch off. Immediately dial the helpline number at Addiction.com and start your journey back to the real world today.5 WAYS TECHNOLOGY HIJACKS PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR1. Introducing FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) Your favorite shopping site just announced a shopping bonanza. Plenty of gifts, prizes, and discounts are to be won. All for just visiting their site multiple times a day to check the different flash sales that are on. If you don’t find enough time to log on, you’ll miss out on a lot of exciting deals and prizes. This is how a typical advertising campaign usually sets itself out and gets a ton of customers to visit their page during differen t times of the day. In fact, your product wishlist is empty since your last purchase but you still decide to make the best use of the shopping festival. All because of one important factor â€" Fear of Missing Out. The modern shoppers feel that they need to be connected to every brand and newsletter to ensure they don’t miss out on a sweet deal. It’s great to save $25 from a juicer brand that costs $100 and it’s on sale for a limited time at $75. Great investment, right? Not exactly. People don’t understand this, but technology manipulates us to buy products that we don’t need or desire. You don’t really want to buy a pair of boots, but the online discount coupon is super tempting. You end up buying it rather than missing out an irresistible offer. We psychologically react to any tempting sale. That’s what FOMO does to us.We end up spending more money on products and this can bring down our monthly budget which means less savings for the year. Had we not seen the offer, we wouldn’t even know the item exists and we wouldn’t be buying it and would rather invest our money in wealth creation. It’s always better to live in the moment than to live thinking of the future. Don’t buy products for tomorrow buy it for the immediate present. If a winter coat helps keep you warm, then go ahead and shop for a winter coat during the winter months. Buying a winter coat during spring just because you save a whopping 30% on the total price is the not smart shopping but a complete waste of money. 2. Pretends to Give People Control on Their Buying OptionsWhen presented with the menu in a fine-dining restaurant, you have the freedom of choice to choose the food that you want to eat. And that’s exactly what technology makes us feel, that we are in control. We forget to realize that the choice is already made for us. How? By controlling the type of menu, the restaurant indirectly controls the type of food you can order. While it’s your choice to walk into an y cuisine you may seem fit, but the ultimate decision is with the hotel serving you. They decide what goes through their menu. Let’s say you search for lawyer services on Google. The search engine will pop up links to lawyers that have a high SEO rating with Google or are being advertised. So, are you getting the best lawyers in the world based on expertise? Quite frankly, No! You’re only being served the popular options from Google’s own search indexing menu. Similarly, when visiting a shopping site, you’ll be shown a variety of choices and garments on display. When we shop we think we have the freedom to choose the color of the dress, the type of dress, the fitting of the dress. Ultimately, the dress itself has been displayed on the shopping site because the website wants to show you exactly what they want you to see. In this way, we surrender our ability to make choices while we fool ourselves thinking we have the freedom of choice with technology on our side.3. Endless E ntertainment FeedSurely there can’t be anything wrong with video streaming sites such as Netflix and Hulu. They’ve only made it easier for us to watch the movies that we want at a cost-effective pricing. So why would we present something that’s completely positive in a negative light? We did say the topic was about “hijacking people’s behavior” and how it causes you to spend more time and money without a full stop to it. Let’s say you buy a year worth of Netflix entertainment, you’ll be greeted to create a selection of your favorite genres and to choose the movies and tv shows that you’ve already watched and would like similar recommendations. Well, every time you finish an episode or a movie, you’ll be greeted with a recommendation screen to move on to the next movie or episode. The average user will sign out and proceed with his daily life. But what if you’re a binge-watcher. A binge-watcher is someone who spends several hours of continuously watching enterta inment in a single stretch of time. We might be closer to our favorite tv shows and movies with a tap of a button thanks to technology but unfortunately, unlike our remote controls, there isn’t a stop button to stop us from enjoying endless entertainment. Binge-watching has the following cases of negative health effects related to it â€" 56% of users develop an antisocial behaviorWatchers usually tend to forget their real-life responsibilities and end up wasting valuable timeReal life relationships are affected due to less time spent in family bondingAn addictive behavior begins to manifest which can take months or even years to treatWatching videos without resting can cause you to experience â€" fatigue, gain weight, increase health issues such as stroke and heart attack, etc.Binge-watching has been a recent phenomenon due to the ease of accessibility of home entertainment. You can watch a movie while on a subway thanks to smartphones. You’ll never leave home without entertainm ent and that’s caused a negative phenomenon called binge-watching to spread.4. Inconvenient ChoicesEver been provided a free 14-day trial to try a service or product. From your perspective, it’s completely free. After all, what possible ulterior motive can be brewing behind providing people with a trial. While signing up for your trial, you’ll be asked for your information â€" personal and business. After which you’ll be asked to hook your credit card information on the basis that it won’t be charged until after the trial period has passed. With this, you’ve just provided the following information for a 14-day free trial Credit card accessibilityPersonal Information Product purchase history matched with other sites against your personal informationThey’ve now got everything they need to know about you and the brand will begin to send personalized ads your way. The telemarketers that call and waste 20 minutes of your daily life? Blame it on the information that you’ve just given to an unknown company that’s been giving you a free trial period.Technology has cleverly manipulated you into providing all your information without you realizing it. It’s only when you are spammed with ads when opening an app do you realize that something’s truly wrong. You realize every ad that you get from that point on is based around the products that you just bought from another website. How did they get so much access to your information? Well because you just happened to give it to them. Your emails won’t be spared either as you’ll be spammed until your inbox is full of advertising emails that you manually must block every individual sender. A very time-consuming process.5. Shortened Attention SpanDid you know technology has in adversely affected your attention span without you knowing about it?The number of book readers in America alone has declined to 43% in 2016 from 57% in 1982. With every technological revolution that we enter, our attention span i s declining to dangerous levels. In the future, we might not even hold a conversation with our family members for more than a minute before getting up to leave. The cause of this is the dangerous trend of technology and its offerings. According to Microsoft Corp., the average attention span of a human has been reduced from 12 seconds to 8 seconds. Which means a goldfish which has an attention span of 9 seconds has beaten a full-grown human being. The age of technology has let us access countless articles on the cyberspace that we prefer scanning them instead of reading and understanding the articles. Microsoft Corp. demonstrates that weaker attention span is linked to the evolving internet age along with the availability of devices such as tablets and mobile phones. To normalize your attention, it’s recommended to quit using electronic devices before bedtime. Follow the below 3 habits and you’ll be on your way to paying attention to everything in detail in no time. MusicAreas of the brain that were exposed to music were shown to share the same space with the attentive areas of the brain. This makes sense when you listen to a soundtrack and you attentively try to track the number of instruments that are being used in a song. You try to break down the bass, rhythm, drums, vocals, and other sounds. Take NotesWrite your notes down on pen and paper, don’t have the habit of typing your notes using Google Keep or other software on your devices. Writing down notes also allows you to fully explore the idea rather than typing it down on a computer screen where your attention span is lowered thanks to our minds using the scan-and-go approach.Ask questionsWe don’t mean Google all your questions but develop a conversation with someone and pay attention to them by listening to their answers. This way, your brain begins to analyze what’s being heard by the other person and you’ll have a better attention span when listening to words that are being heard rather tha n scanning through articles for your answers. CLOSING WORDSBeware! While technology is a great access point, it also allows others to access you. It’s a two-way tunnel connecting you to the world and connecting the world to you. Just as you can watch a movie that is available online, companies are able to view your information without entering your homes. Privacy is a concern due to technology’s grasp of everything that happens around the world. It’s always a good idea to think twice before you provide information to unknown sources or face the danger of becoming a victim.

Report on Classroom Observation - 1945 Words

REPORT on CLASS OBSERVATION Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrate the art of teaching in actual situation and participate in all activities at the school level. The duration of internship was one semester. I tried to perform the assigned responsibilities in Azimpur Girl’s School and College under the†¦show more content†¦It is not portable but fixed. It is not in the middle of the front wall. So all of the students cannot see easily what is written in the board. †¢ Lighting and ventilation: The natural lighting is not quite adequate for the class. The cross ventilation is not available in the classroom. †¢ Provision of artificial lighting and ventilation: There are 4 electric fans and lights in the class. But this is not quite adequate for the room. As there is no generator in the school and power failure being a common problem, sometimes students face problems as they suffer from the hot summer and cannot concentrate to their lessons. There is another problem of the artificial lighting as it is reflected in the blackboard and the front right side of the class cannot see the right corner of the board. †¢ Teach ers table and chair: The wooden chair and table are in the front side of the class. The table is spacious but its drawers are hardly movable. The chair is quite ok as we should use in not for a long time to sit there while teaching. †¢ Color of the class: The colors of the walls are white but fade. 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The other room adjacent to it is slightly larger and contains multipleRead MoreEssay on Classroom Observation Report2176 Words   |  9 Pagesteacher and her students in an observation I did in a false beginner English as Second Language (ESL) class at the University of Texas. The purpose of this report is to reflect on the teacher’s teaching strategies and class environment in relation with what I have learned in my Teaching Methods class. Throughout this paper, a variety of students’ and teacher’s behavior will be discussed that will be analyzed in the reflection section. II. Before the Observation After I arranged a dayRead MoreClassroom Observation Report Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesClassroom Observation Memphis Intermediate School is located in the city of Memphis, TN. It is comprised of grades 3-5 with a total enrollment of 464 students and a student/teacher ratio of 20. Memphis has been in operation for only seven years and is a public school. 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Essay on 2015 S1 Assignment - 636 Words

BEO2264: Microeconomic Analysis Semester 1, 2015 ASSIGNMENT _________________________________________________________ Due Date: The week beginning the 11th of May, 2015. The completed assignment must be submitted to your lecturer during your scheduled seminar. Value: 20% of Total Assessment You should attach a cover sheet, and do not submit the assignment in folders or plastic protective covers. The assignment to be done in groups of two. Late submission will incur a penalty of 10 per cent per day. Question 1 (5 marks, 200 words) (a) Thomas Malthus reasoned that because the amount of land is fixed, as population grows and more and†¦show more content†¦(a) In what sense taxing food is a ‘good’ way to raise tax revenue? (b) In what sense is it not a ‘good’ way to raise revenue? Marking Reference Grade (%) Criterion 80 - 100 Demonstrate thorough understanding of the relevant concepts. Information from appropriate sources is integrated with analysis. Information is accurately referenced using Harvard System, including in text referencing if applicable. Demonstrated ability to draw conclusions with appropriate justifications. Explanations are clear and concise. Well formatted, edited, and minimal grammatical and spelling errors. Timely submission. 70 - 79 Demonstrate good understanding of the relevant concepts. Information from appropriate sources is integrated with analysis. Information is accurately referenced using Harvard System, including in text referencing if applicable. Demonstrated ability to draw conclusions and attempts some justification for position with explanations. Formatted and edited to good standard, minimal grammatical and spelling errors. Timely submission. 60 - 69 Demonstrate above average understanding of the relevant concepts. Information from appropriate sources is integrated with some analysis. Accurately reference resources using Harvard System, including in text referencing if applicable. 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Reflection Paper About Love Free Essays

I know I’m too young to fall in love. I’m too young to say I found the right one. But there is really a moment in our life where we can say that we already found the one we would like to spend our forever with. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflection Paper About Love or any similar topic only for you Order Now The only one we wanted to love until God takes our breath away. January 14, was the happiest day of my life. Happiest, because it is the day where I found my peace of mind, my happiness, my one and only and my other half. I know that it is really weird to say that I am so madly, truly, deeply and passionately inlove with her, but I can’t really deny it, because I know deep inside my heart, it is true. I really love her so much that I can’t find the right words to describe my love for her. Whenever I’m with her, it feels like I can do anything. And I’m so confident, because I know that person accepts me as I am. Not like the other people, who expects too much on me, and criticizes my wrong doings. She accepts my mistakes, and everything. She is my strength to go on and continue my everyday life with love in my heart. She serves as my inspiration to strive harder and study more than I usually do. She is my everything. I would do anything just to prove that I really love her. Words will never be enough to say how much she means to me. I never felt like this before. It’s like, I don’t need any other because I have her who completes me. I feel so contented and I’ll never search for anyone else. Even if I can find someone who is better, still I will choose her. Maybe my someone is not perfect, my someone have a bad side, but no one will be like her because that someone is the only one in my life and in my world. If only I can build a world where we can spend the rest of our lives together at this moment, I would. Because I never wanted to be without her. It is weird if I say that that someone is my life because I know, I had lived 14 years of my life without that someone. But as time passes by, she really became my world, my life and my everything. I can’t be myself without her and if she walks away in my life, I will be empty. She has been out of my life many times, but as they say if someone walks out of your life and returns, it is for yours to keep and take care. So that’s it. We will never be broken again, because this time I will take care of what we have so that until forever, we will still be together and I will grow old someday in her side. I can’t wait for the day where I will wake up and sleep beside her. Everything will be perfect as long as I’m with her. There are things I want to say to that someone and I want to write those things here in my last journal, because when I got into college, I know that I will miss doing this so I want to make this last Reflective Journal of mine to be so special like my someone who is so special to me. Dear You, If you’re reading this Rj of mine, I just want to say thank you. Thank you for those times you made me happy everytime I’m sad. Thank you for being my strength every time I feel so weak. Thank you for fulfilling my life. Thank you for everything. THANK YOU, REALLY. Thank you for being mine. Thank you for giving me an opportunity to love you, I promise I wouldn’t waste this chance that you gave me. Thank you for trusting and loving me, in return, I will love you everyday, every hour, every minute and every second of my life. You are that someone who inspires me, who gives me reasons to hold on, to fight, to be happy, to strive harder, to be better of what I am now. I dream high because of you, because of us. I never wanted you to leave me. i really love you. I am so thankful that God has given you to me, for me to take care of. For me, to love†¦ I still remember the first time I heard your name, it’s so unique. From that day on, I said to myself that I will know you. And when I saw your face, it’s like I saw an angel come down from heaven. Your face has this beauty that captured my eyes. You had me the first time I glanced my eyes on you. Seeing you smile from apart makes me smile. You had my attention but I am afraid to go near you, because in that same time, somebody owned me. Somebody had my heart, but you have this appeal my eyes couldn’t resist, because everytime I see you, my eyes would just follow you and I’m glad that you didn’t notice it. I still remember the first time I told you I love you. You said you love me too. I am so happy, so happy that I couldn’t explain how overflowing my happiness is. You make me happy, in your simple ways. You make me happy by just being a part of me. Part of me, that I will always love. Part of me, that I will never forget. You are a part of me, that no matter what happens, will always be in my life. We were not perfect couples, but we’re happy. I have found a new reason to smile again. I found it in you. Everytime I think of describing how much I love you, my mind goes blank. I don’t know why, but I just love you. And when I think of reasons on why I love you? I go speechless. But one thing I know is for sure, I love you so much babe. I love you. I won’t give up on you. And i hope that we’ll be happy for the rest of our lives, with each other†¦ You mean everything to me babe! I love you. And I always will. * The one who will love you forever, Babe14 How to cite Reflection Paper About Love, Papers

Case Study of Kathleen Johnson Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Kathleen Johnson. Answer: Introduction: The report reviews the case study of Kathleen Johnson, a 45 year old woman with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the problem of overweight and challenges in managing appearance, she was admitted to the hospital for sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The report discusses about the etiology and pathophysiology of patients presenting condition (obesity) and then reviews her observation after 2 hours in post-anesthetic recovery room (PARU) to detect deterioration and the pathophysiology behind the deteriorating symptoms. Based on this justification, appropriate nursing management and role of interdisciplinary health care team to manage patients condition is provided. Etiology and pathophysiology of patients presenting condition Since Kathleen has been admitted to the hospital for sleeve gastrectomy surgery, it is evident that obesity is main presenting condition in patient. Her BMI is 40kg/m2 and due to weight gain and appearance issue, she had to undergo sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Obesity is a clinical condition leading to excessive deposition of fat or adipose tissue in the body of a person. Any person having a BMI of over 30 kg/m2 is regarded as obese (Cummings Cohen, 2016). The etiology of obesity involved multiple factors. For instance, metabolic factors, diet, genetic factor and physical activity level play a role in regulation of body weight. Although genetic factor also plays a role in risk of obesity, however behavioral, environmental, physiological and socio-cultural factors also increase energy balance and contribute to obesity. The most common behavioral and environmental risk factor obesity includes sedentary lifestyle, excess energy intake and poor physical activity (Saunders, Chaput Trembl ay, 2014). Social link to increase in weight includes impact of parent lifestyle and food habits on health behavior of children and youths Increase in weight is associated with other comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Bray 2014). Kathleen is a patient with type 2 diabetes and struggling to control her diet and blood sugar level. To prevent risk of other complication, weight loss surgery was important for her. From the etiology of obesity, it is understood that genetic as well behavioral factors increase the risk of excess fat deposit in patient. The adipocyte is the main cellular basis for obesity and increased in size or number of these cells contributes to obesity. Although in normal condition, fat is stored in the body for survival during starved state. However, when a person takes high energy food in large amount, it results in excessive storage of fat and the end result for which is obesity (Goossens Blaak, 2015). Hence, the cause begin obesity is high calorie food and the cellular basis for obesity is the adipocyte. In case of Kathleen, her obesity was untreated before the surgery. Although she was gaining weight, she had not taken any preventive steps to control the condition. For this reason, opting for sleeve gastrectomy was a necessary option for her to manage her condition. Obesity mainly contributes to metabolic dysfunction and damages the function of cardiac, liver, endocrin e and intestinal gland if it left untreated (Saltiel Olefsky, 2017). Hence, bariatric surgery is the best option for obesity management. Evidence has shown that bariatric surgery leads to weight loss and contributes to improvement in metabolic disorders like diabetes too (Reges et al., 2018). Sleeve gastrectomy is also one of the bariatric surgeries that promotes weight loss and improved gyclemic control in patient (Fuchs et al., 2017). Therefore, by opting for surgical option, Kathleen can improve her symptoms related to diabetes too. Pathophysiology and nursing management of the patient Pathophysiology of patients post-operative deterioration Kathleen observation after two hours in the PARU revealed several deteriorating signs and symptoms. For instance, Kathleen respiratory rate was 28 breaths per minute whereas pulse rate was 130 beats per minute. By comparing these vitals signs with normal parameters, it can be said that respiratory rate of patient is abnormally high as normal respiratory rate is 12-20 breaths/min. His pulse rate is also an area of concern as it is above the normal value of 60-100 beats/min. Such abnormalities in Kathleens respiratory and pulse rate might have occurred due to the effect of obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption in patient. Obesity is highly associated with respiratory complication in obese patient. Obese patients tend to have higher respiratory rate because of the impact on lung function (Pepin et al, 2016). Abdominal obesity and lung dysnfunction affects systemic inflammation thus leading to respiratory disorder in patient (Oppenheimer et al., 2014). The review of Kathleens history revealed that he was heavy smoker and consumed four bottles bear every night. Cigarette smoking is one factor that has an impact on pulse rate, breathing rate and oxygen consumption of an individual. This occurs because the chemical found in cigarette aggravates the cilia, leads to the deposition of tar and narrows the air passage. Such change in the lung is reason for abnormal respiratory rate in patient (Papathanasio et al., 2013). Hence, patients presenting condition exacerbated his vital signs post operation. The review of other vital signs in patient included blood pressure of 190/100 min. This clearly indicates that Kathleen was hypertensive. The likelihood of hypertension might have increased in patient due to the effect of surgery as well as due to obesity. Overweight and obese patients are more likely to suffer from hypertension. Such association between obesity and hypertension is seen due to the impact of obesity on metabolic functions. Other mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension includes endothelial and vascular impairment, neuro-endocrine imbalance, maladaptive immune response and dietary factors (DeMarco, Aroor Sowers, 2014). This explanation confirms that obesity is the reason for deteriorating post-operative sign for Kathleen. Other factors that might have contributed to high blood pressure for patient includes smoking and diabetes. The link between diabetes and hypertension has been established because both have common pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. Low-grade inflammatory response and insulin resistant increased in type 2 diabetes patient thus contributing to hypertension (Lingam et al., 2018). As Kathleen had undergone sleeve gastrectomy surgery and effect of anesthesia and surgery might have also lead to hypertension in patient (Brethauer et al., 2015). Another sign of post operative deterioration found in Kathleen was low urine output and pain score in patient. Kathleens indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) volume was 5mls in the last hour, although the normal urine output per hour is 50-60 mL. Surgery is one of the reasons for low urine output. Surgical blood loss and dehydration in patient decreases urine output and lead to acute kidney injury on surgery patients. Poor renal perfusion and decreased urine output are common complication seen in the post anesthesia care unit (Canales Hatch, 2014). Hence, the reason for such clinical deterioration in patient is clear. Another parameter that was affected for patient post operatively was her pain score. Kathleens pain score was 7/10 and the severity of the pain might also be the reason for presence of abnormal BP and respiratory rate. Blood pressure of Kathleen might have increased due to effect of pain. Pain promotes sympathetic activity thus leading to high blood pressure (Laquian et a l., 2018). Hence, while deciding treatment for patient, the effect of pain on other vital signs must be carefully examined. Nursing management of patient post-operatively Based on analysis of post-operative deterioration in patient, the main care priorities for patient are management of abnormal vital signs of patient hypertension, pain score and respiratory rate and low urine output). Since Kathleen is obese and has diabetes, hence it is necessary to improve respiratory and vascular function as leaving these sign untreated may further complicate his condition (Mahajan, Lau Sanders, 2015). The management of hypertension can be done by providing hypertensive medication to patient. After consultation with physician, the nurse can provide beta-blockers or angiotensive converting enzyme inhibitors to control his blood pressure (Wolf et al., 2016). To promote recovery in patient, the nurse also need to focus on dietary changes so that blood sugar level is maintained. Due to high pulse rate and respiratory rate, the patient may have ineffective breathing pattern. Hence, the care priority will be to assess respiratory rate and monitor ventilation status of Kathleen regularly. The rate and depth of respiration and need for oxygenation can also be examined. To provide comfort to patient, proper body alignment should be maintained too (Gordon, 2014). To address the issue of low urine output, there is a need to provide both fluid and drug therapy to prevent dehydration. During gastrectomy, some parts of her stomach were removed. Hence, it will be necessary to monitor wound healing and prevent signs of infection in patient. Apart from clinical intervention for management of vital signs, another care priority is to provide health education to patient so that Kathleen could be motivated to make changes in her lifestyle and eating habits. Since she is a smoker and consumer, making her quit both is necessary to maintain her health in the long term. Smoking has deleterious impact on obese patient and those with obesity (Lycett et al., 2015). Hence, the nurse needs to make Kathleen aware about the harmful effect of smoking on alcohol consumption on her metabolic and respiratory function. After this education, the patient can be supported to quit smoking by means of nicotine replacement therapy. Involvement of interdisciplinary health care team for the care of patient: Apart from nurses and medical team, the contribution of dietician is necessary to help Kathleen take low calorie foods and avoid food containing high amount of salt and sugar. Dietary intervention can reduce risk of diabetes related complication and prevent patient from gaining weight. Secondly, the involvement of physiotherapist is necessary as due to surgery, her mobility is affected. By collaborating with physiotherapist, Kathleen can learn to do exercise so that she can build her muscle strength. The role of a bariatric consultant is also necessary to educate Kathleen about her care needs and ways to manage her wound after discharged (Torti et al., 2017). Conclusion: The report discussed about the process of planning care for Kathleen by examining her medical history and discussing about the pathophysiology of obesity. The etiology and pathophysiology of obesity gives the insight that presence of various risk factors predisposed patient to obesity. The review of deterioration in vital signs and justifying them with the path physiology also helped to understand the mechanism by which Kathleen faced such clinical deterioration in patient. To enhance recovery in patient, proper collaboration between inter-professional team is necessary too. References: Bray, G. A. (2014). Obesity in adults: Etiology and natural history.Pi-Sunyer FX, Mulder JE (eds). Brethauer, S. A., Kim, J., El Chaar, M., Papasavas, P., Eisenberg, D., Rogers, A., ... Kothari, S. (2015). Standardized outcomes reporting in metabolic and bariatric surgery.Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases,11(3), 489-506. Canales, B. K., Hatch, M. (2014). Kidney stone incidence and metabolic urinary changes after modern bariatric surgery: review of clinical studies, experimental models, and prevention strategies.Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases,10(4), 734-742. Cummings, D. E., Cohen, R. V. (2016). Bariatric/metabolic surgery to treat type 2 diabetes in patients with a BMI 35 kg/m2.Diabetes Care,39(6), 924-933. DeMarco, V. G., Aroor, A. R., Sowers, J. R. (2014). The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,10(6), 364. Fuchs, T., Loureiro, M., Both, G. H., skraba, H. H., Costa-casagrande, T. A. (2017). The role of the sleeve gastrectomy and the management of type 2 diabetes.ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (So Paulo),30(4), 283-286. Goossens, G. H., Blaak, E. E. (2015). Adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired metabolic health in human obesity: a matter of oxygen?.Frontiers in endocrinology,6, 55. Gordon, M. (2014).Manual of nursing diagnosis. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Laquian, L., Scali, S. T., Beaver, T. M., Kubilis, P., Beck, A. W., Giles, K., ... Feezor, R. J. (2018). Outcomes of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Acute Type B Dissection in Patients With Intractable Pain or Refractory Hypertension.Journal of Endovascular Therapy,25(2), 220-229. Lingam, S., Rani, P., Sheeladevi, S., Kotapati, V., Das, T. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and practices on diabetes, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy and the factors that motivate screening for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a pyramidal model of eye health care.Rural and remote health,18(1), 4304-4304. Lycett, D., Nichols, L., Ryan, R., Farley, A., Roalfe, A., Mohammed, M. A., ... Aveyard, P. (2015). The association between smoking cessation and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a THIN database cohort study.The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology,3(6), 423-430. Mahajan, R., Lau, D. H., Sanders, P. (2015). Impact of obesity on cardiac metabolism, fibrosis, and function.Trends in cardiovascular medicine,25(2), 119-126. Oppenheimer, B. W., Berger, K. I., Segal, L. N., Stabile, A., Coles, K. D., Parikh, M., Goldring, R. M. (2014). Airway dysfunction in obesity: response to voluntary restoration of end expiratory lung volume.PLOS one,9(2), e88015. Papathanasiou, G., Georgakopoulos, D., Papageorgiou, E., Zerva, E., Michalis, L., Kalfakakou, V., Evangelou, A. (2013). Effects of smoking on heart rate at rest and during exercise, and on heart rate recovery, in young adults.Hellenic J Cardiol,54(3), 168-177. Ppin, J. L., Timsit, J. F., Tamisier, R., Borel, J. C., Lvy, P., Jaber, S. (2016). Prevention and care of respiratory failure in obese patients.The Lancet Respiratory medicine,4(5), 407-418. Reges, O., Greenland, P., Dicker, D., Leibowitz, M., Hoshen, M., Gofer, I., ... Balicer, R. D. (2018). 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An Analysis Of Chimes Of Slience Essays - Yoruba People, Literature

An Analysis Of Chimes Of Slience Essays - Yoruba People, Literature An Analysis Of Chimes Of Slience An Analysis of Chimes of Slience Wole Soyinka is a Nigerian playwright, and the author of the prose poem Chimes of Silence. In order to describe his experience in solitary confinement Soyinka uses descriptive language involving his vision to better enlighten the reader to his experience. The most dramatic passages in Chimes of Silence describe his limited vision, which expresses to the reader how difficult and horrible of an experience it must have been. Soyinkas efforts to see any sign of life through peepholes in order to have some way of connecting with the outside world, shows just how lonely he really is. The poem opens with Soyinka struggling to see through a peephole in the door of his cell. His interest in the boring details outside of his cell shows just how lonely he is, and how much he longs to have any kind of contact with reality. A little square hole cut in the door, enough for a goalers fist to passenough for me tosteal a quick look at the rare flash of a hand, a face, a gesture(140). Soyinka is desperate to see anything that he can relate to human life. Anything that assures him that even though he has no contact with humans that life is still going on. Anything that reminds him that theres the possibility that he could one day enter back into the life that he has been exiled from. Soyinka continues describing things he strains to see thorough the peephole including, more often a blur of khaki, the square planted rear of the guard on the other side (140). Not only does Soyinka strain to see any part of the human body itself, but also anything else that reminds him of human beings. Something we take for granted everyday Soyinka finds as a connection to the outside world. Its clear through his description of vision seeing through the peephole that Soyinka is desperate for human interaction and is clearly very lonely. Later in the essay Soyinka makes reference to the limited but present amount of sky that he is able to see in his cell; a sky the size of a napkin trapped by small spikes and broken bottles, but a sky (140). Through his describing the sky Soyinka finds another way of connecting to the outside world. The sky that he looks upon is the same one that people look upon everyday, and to him it makes the correlation to the human life he longs to be living. Soyinka knows that when he was once living and surrounded by human contact that he was covered by the same sky that he sees in his cell. It serves as a reminder to him that although trapped he can still carry a piece of his old life within him. His memories of his old life can help make up for the emptiness inside of him in his time of being alone. Soyinka also describes the birds he can see from his cell, Vultures perch on a roof just visible from another yard. And crows. Egrets overfly my crypt and bats swarm at sunset (140). Through his description of the birds Soyinka once again describes something living in order to make up for the fact that he feels so alone, and in a sense dead. It seems that in Soyinkas description of the birds that he almost longs to be them, to be able to fly and be free. Soyinka envies the birds for they arent trapped alone and they have access to the world unlike him. Soyinka eventually discovers a new peephole in his cell and once again he strains to see anything he can to keep himself from being so lonely. Soyinka talks of counting feet walking by in order to keep some kind of reality And now feetthe procession goes by and I count (141). By counting the feet Soyinka can establish the slightest relationship to any kind of outside life. Its almost as if by counting the feet Soyinka can relate to the prisoners and make up for the emptiness he is feeling, and not seem to be so alone. Although they arent trapped there with him the

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What Astronomers Mean By Thermal Radiation Thermal radiation sounds like one a geeky term youd see on a physics test. Actually, its a process that everyone experiences when an object gives off heat. It is also called heat transfer in engineering and black-body radiation in physics. Everything in the universe radiates heat. Some things radiate much MORE heat than others. If an object or process is above absolute zero, its giving off heat. Given that space itself can be only 2 or 3 degrees Kelvin (which is pretty darned cold!), calling it heat radiation seems odd, but its an actual physical process.   Measuring Heat Thermal radiation can be measured by very sensitive instruments - essentially high-tech thermometers. The specific wavelength of radiation will entirely depend on the exact temperature of the object. In most cases ,the emitted radiation isnt something you can see (what we call optical light). For example, a very hot and energetic object might radiate very strongly in x-ray or ultraviolet, but perhaps not look so bright in visible (optical) light. An extremely energetic object might emit gamma rays, which we definitely cant see, followed by visible or x-ray light.    The most common example of heat transfer in the field of astronomy what stars do, particularly our Sun. They shine and give off prodigious amounts of heat. The surface temperature of our central star (roughly 6,000 degrees Celsius) is responsible for the production of the white visible light that reaches Earth. (The Sun appears yellow due to atmospheric effects.) Other objects also emit light and radiation, including solar system objects (mostly infrared), galaxies, the regions around black holes, and nebulae (interstellar clouds of gas and dust).   Other common examples of thermal radiation in our everyday lives include the coils on a stove top when they are heated, the heated surface of an iron, the motor of a car, and even the infrared emission from the human body. How it Works As matter is heated, kinetic energy is imparted to the charged particles that make up the structure of that matter. The average kinetic energy of the particles is known as the thermal energy of the system. This imparted thermal energy will cause the particles to oscillate and accelerate, which creates electromagnetic radiation (which is sometimes referred to as  light). In some fields, the term heat transfer is used when describing the production of electromagnetic energy (i.e. radiation/light) by the process of heating. But this is simply looking at the concept of thermal radiation from a slightly different perspective and the terms really interchangeable. Thermal Radiation and Black-body Systems Black body objects are those that exhibit the specific properties of perfectly absorbing every wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (meaning that they would not reflect light of any wavelength, hence the term black body) and they also will perfectly emit light when they are heated. The specific peak wavelength of light that is emitted is determined from Wiens Law which states that the wavelength of light emitted is inversely proportional to the temperature of the object. In the specific cases of black body objects, the thermal radiation is the sole source of light from the object. Objects like our Sun, while not perfect blackbody emitters, do exhibit such characteristics. The hot plasma near the surface of the Sun generates the thermal radiation that eventually makes it to Earth as heat and light.   In astronomy, black-body radiation helps astronomers understand an objects internal processes, as well as its interaction with the local environment. One of the most interesting examples is that given off by the cosmic microwave background.   This is a remnant glow from the energies expended during the Big Bang, which occurred some 13.7 billion years ago. It marks the point when the young universe had cooled enough for protons and electrons in the early primordial soup to combine to form neutral atoms of hydrogen. That radiation from that early material is visible to us as a glow in the microwave region of the spectrum. Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen

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Global Marketing Strategy of TOYOTA - Dissertation Example The fast pace of advancement of the modern day world is more on the lines of rapid change and tremendous development. It is of high importance to mention that the evolution of the telecommunication technology along with the process of evolution of high speed internet and various kinds of technology enabled gadgets has resulted in the process of playing a tremendous amount of influence in the lives of the masses around the world. It needs to be mentioned that because of the lines of emergence of high speed internet connectivity, the network of communication channels has improved in a drastic manner all over the world. The internet has played a major role in the process of creating the channels of communication in the various regions of the developed as well as the developing economies. It can be rightly said that it is of considerable importance to highlight that this technology powered development has resulted in the process of transformation of the globe, where the entire world can be represented and increasingly seen as a single and well connected global entity. Because of this technology powered transformation of the world around us, there has always been a steady evolution of various kinds of trends associated with the factor of globalization. The trends of globalization, that are emerging from all corners of the world are increasingly getting diffused at a very rapid pace and it is happening irrespective of the fact of whether the regions are located in the developed or developing economies. The rapid diffusion of the trends of globalization is resulting in the process of evolution of various kinds of new types of consumer demands. These new consumer demands are increasingly paving the way for a significant amount of business opportunity. Business organizations that are located in various corners of the world are increasingly trying their level best to capitalize on these business opportunities. As a result, it can be said that in the recent times, there h as been a significant amount of business related activity on the lines of strategic business expansion as well as the organization’s process of entering new business markets. This age old activities of the organizations of capitalizing on potential new business opportunities are resulting in the process of increasing and catalyzing the competition that exists in the new markets. The presence of multiple firms, providing similar kinds of business products and service offerings, are increasingly leading to the process of increase in the availability of homogeneous products and services in the market. In other words, the homogeneous products and services are increasing the number of options that are available to the consumers and are automatically resulting in the process of increase in the power of substitutes for the consumers. In order to gain an edge in the competition growing in various markets around the world, companies focus on effectively communicating the values of the ir products and serv

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What Are The Advantages Of Internal Promotion Commerce Essay

What Are The Advantages Of Internal Promotion Commerce Essay Internal promotion is a strategic management idea accepted widely. And it is already utilized by many companies in the world . Comparing with external recruitment, internal promotion has some advantages in companys growth stage especially. It is more economic and essential and is conducive to keep companies developing orderly. In this essay, I will discuss the reasons why internal promotion is superior by analyzing and comparing Microsoft , Sodexo company, General Electric and some other international companies in their development. And I will conclude that internal promotion should be widely spread in companies in their initial stages to make them grow well. We believe that internal promotion is also a good way to build a sense of loyalty, create incentives for employees innovation at work and more easily to find a good person for the new job vacancy. Therefore, our tradition of internal promotions can guarantee anyone who joins in Sodexo a bright future of constant career development. (Sodexo concept)When candidates read these sentences, I am sure that they will have confidence in this company and the employees who already work in this company also like to share what they have known and do their work with passion. When a company was settled, it is not mature because many systems, culture and even the goal have not been confirmed. What drives the workers to devote themselves to the unsure future is their motivation and passion. They even consist the history of a company. During this stage, to develop it, HR need to pay more attention on initial employees and give them the priority to be promoted. As the employees recognize their achievement is always concerned and the responsibility is great at this stage. They can also take part in the growth of company and get the advancement opportunity. (Michael Adam)What mentioned all can motivate an employee Microsoft adopted the internal promotion strategy at the beginning and the result proved to be successful. When Bill Gates started Microsoft, he already had the concept that his employees are his most valuable asset, and he gave the conclusion that without them, Microsoft would become negligible. There is a strategy in Microsoft called n minus 1 which shows that the number of employed people is less than the position need-then all employees have the chance to be promoted. When Microsoft expanded later, it was nearly all early employees being promoted. And to encourage them and keep them, they even got the stock options as reward. They all play an important part in the development of later. The key to supporting the motivation of your employee is understanding what motivates each of them.( McNamara). There is a number of excellent people working for Microsoft. What these workers need is to achieve thier self-actualization As Microsoft give great opportunities, workers are all willing to work hard to make company better. Under these strategies, when Microsoft stepped into the next stage and expand itself, it already owed its own systems, culture and the clear goal. From 2009 to 2010, it is about 11.5% management positions in Sodexo company are filled through internal promotion. And it is over 79% employees believe that Sodexo provides them an opportunity to learn and develop. (Sodexo China figure) An extreme example of GE (General Electric), it is nearly 80% of the companys senior positions generated by the internal promotion. The leaders in GE spent almost all their career. Our principle is to tap internal talent, human resources manager of GE (William Conaty). Unless forced to, we do not want to rely on outsiders. He said. Many international enterprises in Europe have formed the internal selection system in their early stage. From cultivating employees and appointment of employing strategies to mechanisms, these enterprises have a mature procedures For example, General Electric, Motorola, Procter Gamble, Ford Motor Company, Boeing, 3M Company and other famous companies, in their operating time adding to 1700 years, only four CEOs hired from the outside, and only two companies before. Good to great (Jim .Collins ,2009) says that celebrity who is brought in from outside the company as a new leader, often lead a negative effect on the company. Among 11 international companies, there are 10 companies CEO appointed from the companys internal promotion. According to a survey to more than 200 foreign investments in China from people.com, when a company faces a situation that there an empty position turns up, they prefer internal promotion than external, and the original department has the priority. It shows that 67% companies adopt internal promotions on management position , and 2% will recruit from labor marketing, and 1% will be appointed by the government.55% companies adopt internal promotion on skill positions, 45% of them will search new employees from labor marketing.(people.com) When a vacancy occurs in the enterprise positions, the modern human resource managements common practice is internal-promotion -oriented, especially in small companies at their initial stage. II: Comparison of internal promotion and external recruitment advantages disadvantages Internal promotion Improving the promoted employees morale Judging the staffs capacity more accurately Saving costs in some areas (time/money recruiting /training) Mobilizing employees working enthusiasm Contributing to the continuous improvement Reinforcing a companys internal career ladder Retaining leaving staff Reducing induction training period Reducing the risk of selecting an inappropriate candidate Inbreeding(narrowing the view of the enterprise) Reducing morale of un-promoted employee Political intrigue Demanding a systematic managing and training plan External recruitment Fresh blood broadening companys horizons Cheap and fast in professionals training A small group of political supporters having not been formed A form of advertising Improving the skills in judging external employees Incurring spies Not recruiting suitable candidates Impacting the morale of internal un-selected candidates Longer adjustment period need by new employees Not fitting with new companys culture (Strategic Approach to Human Resource Management Page153-165 author ¼Ã… ¡Tapomoy Deb) III: Analysis It is said that people who join in a company at its initial stage promote the company excellent. While people who join it later depend on the companys excellence.( Jamie Zawinski,2010) . Internal promotion belongs to a companys incentive system, and it is a basic system to make a company attractive and influential. There are many different theories about the internal promotion. Race theory (Lazear and Rosen, 1981), or career models in the organization(Gibbons and Waldman, 1999). These various models provide various explanitations of internal promotion (Greenwald, 1979; Chen, 1996; Fairburn and Malcomson, 2001) and its consequences (Prendergrast, 1993). To brief, if you want to encourage your employees ,what you need do firstly is to make them escape from problems which bother them by company and treat all employees equal. When you make this true, it means the company offer its employees chance to make achievements and grow. Co-ordination between the employee and the organization is important. Project staff working more effectively, their overall goals and team goals rather than individual goals (Christopher Brown) reported by a recent study in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Maslows hierarchy of needs can also explain this question. Self-realization is a top level of self-gratification.( Maslow ,1943) Provide the opportunity to grow, be creative and get the training challenging task and push forward (Daft 530).is regarded as an effective method. Just as what has mentioned above in the table, the HRM take the responsibility to shape a companys organizational culture, the core concept , a completed system etc. Especially in small companies, the number of employees is limited, and the bonds between workers are strong. According to Dunbars number theory(Dunbar,1992) , if a departments worker number under a certain level(150-250), the organizational culture just begins to shape. Everyone personality and group practice play an important role in the operation. The leader in shaping corporate culture is vital, which means if this company promote a new leader, it is easy for the entire companies shift the attention away from its original growth direction which may still operate potentially. Under this reason, the internal promotion is necessary in small companies.( Bidwell, 2011,ibid) That promoting internal middle managers or high managers not only take advantage of their talent ,also can encourage other root managers and employees competitive. Because this company illustrate its attitude to its workers that it provides great tunnels for them making progress. If a manager who was selected as a sub-promoting member, it may launch that this persons work style, communication style and his attitude is accepted or committed by people. These will help this sub-leader lead the team work effectively and united. Reward system gives the information of a companys value to judge the employees (Robbins, Bergman Stagg 84).A company can use many ways to motivate its employees to work. Satisfaction and growth in a company are two important factors. (Frederick Herzberg ,1959).The internal promotion is just a suitable method to meet employees need. It is worth noting that internal promotion is not only chosen as an inciting way in management position, but also in skill management. Training technical staff, companies need to consume a certain amount of human and financial capitals. If the staff control sophisticated technology, they can make amount of benefits for a company. But if the company failed to attract employees to continue to work effectively and stay in the enterprise, then it is not only the effectiveness of the companys loss, but also provides an opportunity for potential competitors. Due to the small size of the company, organizational productivity is influenced by every employee in it. It has been improved that entrepreneurs are unwilling to give up control, because they believe that standardized management enterprise beyond their abilities (McMahon and Murphy, 1999). IV: How to adopt internal promotion effectively (HR WORLD,2011,ibid) Risk To a small company, the way to select and appoint an middle or high manager should be base on its real surroundings. Even though the human resource department can not guarantee to make a right choice, considering the disadvantages both internal promotion and external recruitment is necessary. Minimizing the risk should take into concern. The risk is the uncertainty of future expectations. Comparing internal and external way, there are three aspects that external way higher than internal way. First, an outside manager can only prove how was successful in the past work, but can not prove how suitable himself or herself to this work. Second, in a small company, its organization culture is in shape, a new leader outside may not adjust to its culture or want to bring other companies culture in. It is another unknown thing. Third, if the human resource department appoint an unsuitable manager, it is not just about a waste of a position. The whole team will face an uncertain loss. Even the new manager can adopt to the new environment well. The adopting time is uncontrolled. Obviously, the external recruitment takes risk, meanwhile we can not avoid the risk of internal promotion. A company knows its employee better than outside, but this employee still will face a new occupation when get promoted. At the same time, because of many politic issues, there may lead to some contradictions among different departments. Cost Cost is a significant issue to take into accounting. It seems that choosing a worker from original department or company is the economical way. Because the company does not waste too much money or time in hiring a manager. Is it true? To realize this internal promotion system, another system named training system should be operated. When a company faces a need of manager, this system can supply a fixed person in time. Building such a perfect system requires much cost before. External recruitment demonstrates its superiority. However , if a company can not build a training system when it was settled, it can not supply the growth space for employees, which means employees who want to pursue their progress must leave this company sooner or later. What will cost is beyond the cost of training system. Income Despite the cost and risk , as a company, it should care about income. No matter internal or external way , if the new manager can make profits for the company , and make the whole manager level balance, both of them can be considered. V: Conclusion We can not conclude that internal promotion is better than external recruitment free-minded. The conclusion need depend on the industry and maturity of a company, as well as specific occupation. A small company has its own characteristics. It is stepping in a developing road. It is too frangible to bear risk. If someone do not have any experience in a small company , it is really hard for this person integrate into a small company easily. And it may make some troubles for a small companys operation based on some experiences in the big one. The new manager also need more patience. Whoever works in a developing company as a manager all under pressure. With the help of training system , an employee who has full motivation for their company and also made some achievements, understanding their organization culture in deep and having potential to be a leader can become a new manager. There is no doubt that , this type of internal employee is stronger than external candidates.